Console specifications, compatibility and troubleshooting
Specifications and model differences for PlayStation, Xbox, Nintendo, Sega, Steam and handheld PC hardware, from the NES to the PS5 Pro and Switch 2. Check which SSDs, memory cards and accessories work with each console, compare models side by side, and find the documented fixes for controllers that won’t pair, storage that isn’t recognised and consoles that won’t turn on.
SSDs, memory cards and storage upgrades
- HDMI 2.1 cables for 4K 120 Hz on PS5 and Xbox: what to buyFor 4K at 120 Hz, PS5 and Xbox Series X need their included cable or a certified Ultra High Speed HDMI cable; the Series S needs one bought separately. How to recognise certification, and cables checked.
- How to upgrade the PS4 hard driveBack up saves, swap the HDD from its bay (PS4 Pro: underside; original PS4: slide-off bay cover), then reinstall system software from a USB drive.
- microSD cards for Steam Deck and ROG Xbox Ally: which to buySteam Deck takes UHS-I cards (U3 or better); ROG Xbox Ally has a UHS-II reader. Popular cards checked, and why microSD Express and '200 MB/s' cards don't reach those speeds here.
- microSD Express cards for Switch 2: which cards workSwitch 2 needs a microSD Express card for extra game storage. SanDisk, Samsung P9 Express, Lexar PLAY PRO and PNY compared by speed and capacity, and why old Switch cards don't work.
- PS5 compatible SSDs: which M.2 drives fit and which need a heatsink12 M.2 SSDs checked against the PS5 slot, including Samsung 990 PRO, WD_BLACK SN850X and SN850P, Kingston FURY Renegade and Lexar NM790: heatsink, size, speed and cache.
- PS5 M.2 SSD requirements and installationWhich M.2 drives the PS5 accepts (PCIe Gen4 NVMe, 250 GB–8 TB, size limits including heatsink) and how installation differs between models.
- PS5 USB extended storage: requirements and limitsUSB drives on PS5 can store PS5 games but not run them. Requirements: SuperSpeed USB 5 Gbps or faster, 250 GB–8 TB, no hub, one drive at a time.
- ROG Xbox Ally / Ally X SSD upgrade: which drive fits and how to swap itThe ROG Xbox Ally, Xbox Ally X and ROG Ally X take a 2280 M.2 NVMe SSD; the original ROG Ally takes 2230. ASUS's steps: discharge to 25%, open the back, disconnect the battery, swap, reinstall via Cloud Recovery.
- Steam Deck SSD upgrade: which drive fits and how to swap itBoth Steam Deck models take a single-sided M.2 2230 NVMe SSD. Drives checked against that slot, the steps from iFixit's guides, and re-imaging SteamOS with Valve's instructions.
- Switch 2 microSD card requirements: why it needs microSD ExpressSwitch 2 only accepts microSD Express cards, up to 2 TB. Old Switch microSD cards can only import screenshots and videos. Saves always stay in system memory.
- Which PS5 consoles work with the detachable disc drive?The PS5 disc drive fits CFI-2000 (Slim) and CFI-7000 (Pro) consoles only. The original Digital Edition can't use it. First setup needs an internet connection.
- Xbox Series X|S storage expansion: expansion card vs USB driveOnly the internal SSD and a Storage Expansion Card (512 GB, 1 TB, 2 TB) can run Optimized for Xbox Series X|S games. USB drives (USB 3.0+, 128 GB+) store them and run older games.
Accessory and backward compatibility
- Capture cards on PS5, Xbox and Switch 2: HDCP and setupA capture card sits between the console and the TV. PS5 needs HDCP turned off first or the capture is black; Xbox doesn't apply HDCP to games; Switch 2 needs no setting but must go through the dock.
- Controllers with Hall-effect or TMR sticks for PS5, Xbox, Switch and PCThird-party controllers whose makers state Hall-effect or TMR sticks, by console: Nacon, Victrix and Razer for PS5; Razer, Turtle Beach, GameSir and 8BitDo for Xbox; PowerA, EasySMX, 8BitDo and GameSir for Switch and Switch 2.
- DualSense vs DualSense Edge: differencesThe DualSense Edge adds back buttons, replaceable stick modules and stored profiles, but has a smaller battery (1,050 vs 1,560 mAh) and weighs about 45 g more.
- How to charge a PS5 or PS4 controllerConnect the controller to the console with a USB data cable, with the console on or in rest mode. For rest mode, set Supply Power to USB Ports. Charge-only cables don't work.
- How to connect a PS5 or PS4 controller to a PC, Mac, iPhone, iPad or AndroidPair a DualSense or DualShock 4 over Bluetooth (hold create or SHARE plus the PS button) or connect it by USB. Which systems Sony lists, and which controller features don't work on each.
- Joy-Con 2 vs Joy-Con: differences and when you still need the old onesJoy-Con 2 add a mouse sensor and C Button but drop the IR Motion Camera. Original Joy-Con pair wirelessly with Switch 2 but can't attach or charge on it.
- Keyboard and mouse on PS5 and Xbox: what worksPS5 takes USB or Bluetooth keyboards and mice; Xbox takes wired USB ones. On Xbox a mouse only works in games and apps whose publisher enabled it, never on the dashboard.
- Nintendo GameCube and N64 controllers for Switch 2 and SwitchNintendo's wireless GameCube controller works only on Switch 2; the N64 controller works on Switch 2 and Switch. Both are made for the Nintendo Classics libraries and sold only to Nintendo Switch Online members.
- Nintendo GameCube specifications and where GameCube controllers workGameCube: IBM Gekko 485 MHz, ATI/Nintendo Flipper 162 MHz, 40 MB memory, 1.5 GB discs. GameCube controllers work on the original Wii (RVL-001); on Wii U only in Smash via the adapter.
- PlayStation Portal: specifications and requirementsPlayStation Portal streams games from your PS5 over Wi-Fi; it doesn't run games itself. 8-inch 1080p LCD, up to 60 fps, Wi-Fi 5, PlayStation Link audio, 5 Mbps minimum connection.
- PS VR2 specifications and PC requirementsPS VR2 hardware specs (OLED 2000×2040 per eye, 90/120 Hz, ~110° FOV) and what a Windows PC needs to run it through the PS VR2 PC adapter.
- Steam Controller (2026) specifications and compatibilityMagnetic TMR thumbsticks, two 34.5 mm haptic trackpads, gyro with Grip Sense, 8.39 Wh battery (35+ h), and a USB-C Puck that connects up to four controllers.
- Steam Deck Docking Station specs and third-party dock compatibilityValve's dock has DisplayPort 1.4 and HDMI 2.0 (4K 60 Hz or 1440p 120 Hz), three USB-A 3.1 ports and Gigabit Ethernet. Most USB-C docks with PD passthrough also work.
- Steam Frame specificationsSteam Frame: Snapdragon 8 Gen 3, 16 GB LPDDR5X, 256 GB or 1 TB, 2160 × 2160 LCD per eye at 72–144 Hz, eye-tracked foveated streaming, Wi-Fi 7, 440 g with headstrap.
- USB-C chargers for Switch 2, Steam Deck, ROG Xbox Ally, Legion Go and PS PortalHow much power each handheld's maker asks for: 54 W for an unlicensed Switch 2 adapter, 45 W PD 3.0 for Steam Deck, 65 W for ROG Xbox Ally and Legion Go, 5 V/3 A for PS Portal. Common 65 W chargers checked.
- Which headsets work on PS5, Xbox and Switch 2? Bluetooth, USB and 3.5 mmPS5 and Xbox don't connect to Bluetooth headsets; Switch 2 does, but without the microphone. What each console accepts (USB, 3.5 mm, Xbox Wireless, Sony wireless) and multi-platform headsets by console.
- Which Nintendo Switch accessories work on Switch 2?Pro Controller and original Joy-Con work wirelessly. The Switch dock, its HDMI cable and standard microSD cards don't. The old AC adapter only charges.
- Which PS4 accessories work on PS5?DualShock 4 works on PS5 for PS4 games only. PS VR needs the PS4 camera plus the Camera adaptor. Licensed wheels, arcade sticks and USB/3.5 mm headsets work.
- Which racing wheels work on PS5, Xbox, Switch 2 and PC?Most racing wheels are sold in a PlayStation version and an Xbox version. Logitech, Thrustmaster, Fanatec, MOZA and HORI wheels by console, from the makers' compatibility lists.
- Which Xbox One accessories work on Xbox Series X|S?Xbox One controllers, the Elite Series 2, Adaptive Controller and most headsets work. Kinect and the Digital TV Tuner don't. Bluetooth headsets can't connect.
- Wii RVL-001 vs RVL-101 vs Wii mini: model differencesOnly the original RVL-001 (serials LU/LB) plays GameCube games. The RVL-101 (KU/KB) drops the GameCube ports; the Wii mini (HW) also drops online, SD cards and has one USB port.
Model comparisons and how-to guides
- 4K at 120 Hz on Xbox Series X: requirements and setup4K at 120 Hz needs a Series X, an HDMI 2.1 TV and an Ultra High Speed HDMI cable. Set 4K UHD and 120 Hz in TV & display options; AV receivers are a common weak link.
- Game Boy, Game Boy Color, GBA, GBA SP and Game Boy Micro comparedFrom the 4×AA Game Boy to the 80 g Game Boy Micro: CPUs, screens, lighting, batteries, size and weight, plus which models play older cartridges.
- Handheld gaming PCs compared: ROG Xbox Ally, Legion Go, Legion Go S, Steam DeckCurrent handheld PCs compared: processors, memory, screens (7" to 8.8"), batteries (50–80 Wh), ports, operating systems and weight (640–920 g).
- How to reset a PS5 or PS4 controllerEvery PlayStation controller has a reset button in a small hole on the back. Turn off the console, unplug the cable, hold the button for at least five seconds with a pin, then reconnect by USB.
- How to turn off a PS5, PS4, Xbox or Switch without the controllerPS5 and PS4: hold the power button until the console beeps. Xbox: hold the Xbox button on the console for 10 seconds. Switch and Switch 2: hold POWER for three seconds and choose Power Options.
- Nintendo 3DS family compared: 3DS, 3DS XL, 2DS, New 3DS, New 3DS XL, New 2DS XLScreen sizes from 3.53 to 4.88 inches, weights from 235 to 336 g, battery life by model, model numbers, and which charger each uses.
- Nintendo Switch vs Switch OLED vs Switch Lite: differencesSame Tegra chip throughout. OLED: 7-inch OLED, 64 GB, dock with LAN port. Standard: 6.2-inch LCD, 32 GB. Lite: 5.5-inch, handheld only, no TV output, 3570 mAh battery.
- PS4 vs PS4 Slim vs PS4 Pro: hardware differencesAll three use an 8-core AMD Jaguar CPU and 8 GB GDDR5. The Pro has a 4.20 TFLOPS GPU (vs 1.84), 4K/HDR output, three USB ports and a 1 TB drive. The Slim adds 802.11ac and HDR to the original design.
- PS5 120 Hz: settings, TV and cable requirementsTurn on 120 Hz Output in Settings > Screen and Video > Video Output; the TV and the game must support 120 Hz. For 4K 120 Hz, Sony's checklist covers the HDMI 2.1 port, the cable and receivers.
- PS5 and PS4 Safe Mode: how to start it and what each option doesSafe Mode starts a PlayStation with only basic functions, for fixing data and display problems. Hold the power button until the second beep. What Rebuild Database, Restore Default Settings and Initialize PS4 do, and which options delete data.
- PS5 rest mode: downloads, charging and settingsIn rest mode a PS5 can keep downloading, update games and system software, and charge controllers, but only with the matching features switched on. Sony doesn't say downloads run faster in rest mode.
- PS5 vs PS5 Slim vs PS5 Pro: hardware differencesSide-by-side specifications of the three PS5 chassis: GPU, memory, storage, Wi-Fi, disc drive options, power and size.
- ROG Xbox Ally vs ROG Xbox Ally X: specifications and differencesSame 7-inch 120 Hz screen and case. The Ally X has an 8-core Ryzen AI Z2 Extreme, 24 GB LPDDR5X, 1 TB, a USB4 port and an 80 Wh battery. The Ally has a 4-core Z2 A, 16 GB, 512 GB and 60 Wh.
- Steam Deck OLED vs LCD: specifications and differencesSame Zen 2 CPU and 8-CU RDNA 2 GPU. The OLED adds a 7.4-inch 90 Hz HDR screen, a 6 nm APU, faster RAM, Wi-Fi 6E, a 50 Wh battery (vs 40 Wh) and weighs 29 g less.
- Stick drift: what it is, why controllers get it and what helpsStick drift is when a controller registers stick movement you aren't making. Most controllers use potentiometers that wear with use. Calibration and dead zones can mask it; replacement or Hall-effect sticks fix it.
- When did each console come out? Release dates for PlayStation, Xbox, Nintendo and moreRelease dates of PlayStation, Xbox, Nintendo, Sega and Valve consoles and handhelds, from the NES (1983) to the Steam Machine (2026), with regional launch dates where they differed.
- Xbox One vs Xbox One S vs Xbox One X: differencesThe original Xbox One has an external power brick and no 4K/HDR. The One S and One X have internal PSUs and HDR; the One X adds native 4K with a 6-teraflop GPU. Kinect needs an adapter on S and X.
- Xbox Series X vs Series S: hardware differencesSeries X has a 12 TFLOPS GPU, 16 GB memory and an optional disc drive; Series S has 4 TFLOPS, 10 GB, no disc drive and targets 1440p. CPU design and SSD speed are the same.
Fixes for common problems
- DualSense not pairing or connecting to PS5Pair over a data USB cable, unplug the cable before wireless pairing, reset the controller with the button on the back (5 seconds), and update system software.
- How to eject a stuck disc from a PS5Turn the PS5 off, unplug it, remove the cover, then turn the eject screw clockwise with a #1 Phillips screwdriver until the disc is almost fully out.
- Joy-Con 2 not recognised or disconnecting: fixesUpdate and restart the Switch 2, reset each Joy-Con 2 with SYNC and reattach. Dropouts when docked often come from a non-Ultra High Speed HDMI cable or a weak adapter.
- Joy-Con drift: sticks moving on their own or not respondingReset remapped inputs, update system and controller firmware, remove skins and calibrate. If calibration fails, only the Joy-Con needs servicing — not the console.
- Joy-Con won’t turn on or charge: fixesJoy-Con only charge on a console that's plugged in and on or asleep. Reset them with the SYNC button, reattach them, and test the Charging Grip. A full charge takes about 3.5 hours.
- Nintendo Switch 2 game card not read: fixesRemove the card, restart, check it's a supported card inserted label-forward, update the system and the game, and wipe a single problem card dry. Several failing cards point to the console.
- Nintendo Switch 2 no picture on TV: dock, cable and adapter fixesTV mode needs the Switch 2 adapter (or 54 W+) and an Ultra High Speed HDMI cable; the original Switch adapter, dock and cable won't work. Also check heat, VRR and the dock fan.
- Nintendo Switch 2 won’t charge (or stops at 90%): fixesCheck the 'Stop battery charging at approximately 90%' setting first. Then reset the adapter, force a shutdown, try both USB-C ports and an adapter of at least 54 W.
- Nintendo Switch 2 won’t turn on: black screen fixesUnplug the adapter for 30 seconds, hold POWER for 20 seconds, then charge 15–30 minutes. Try both USB-C ports and an NGN-01 or 54 W adapter.
- Nintendo Switch dock shows no picture on the TV: fixesTest the console in handheld mode first, then check the adapter, HDMI cable and dock, connect straight to the TV, and try another input, port, cable, TV and dock.
- Nintendo Switch game card error: card not read or nothing insertedCheck the card is a Switch card inserted label-up, restart, reinsert it, update the system and the game, and wipe a single failing card dry. Whether one card or several fail decides what gets serviced.
- Nintendo Switch not recognising the microSD card: fixesTurn the Switch off before handling the card, check the slot for dirt, confirm the card type (microSD, SDHC or SDXC up to 2 TB), update for SDXC, then format the card.
- Nintendo Switch Pro Controller won’t pair: fixesUpdate and restart the console, check the controller reads HAC-013, then pair it over its USB cable in the dock. On Switch Lite, pair through Change Grip and Order.
- Nintendo Switch won’t charge: how to fix itReset the adapter (unplug 30 s), force a shutdown (POWER 20 s), try another outlet, and charge an empty battery for 30 minutes. Then test the adapter on another device.
- Nintendo Switch won’t turn on: black screen and sleep mode fixesUnplug the adapter for 30 seconds, hold POWER for 20 seconds to force a shutdown, then charge for 15–30 minutes if only a battery icon appears. Check the HAC-002 adapter.
- PS3 yellow light then flashing red (YLOD): what it meansA PS3 that turns green, then yellow, then flashes red has a hardware failure, known as the yellow light of death. How it differs from overheating, and what repairs owners report.
- PS5 and PS4 controller stick drift: how to fix itReset the controller with the button on the back and update the system software. If the stick still drifts, Sony's route is PlayStation Repairs; on a DualSense Edge you can swap the stick module.
- PS5 blue light or blinking white light: what the power indicator meansA PS5 that only blinks white, or stays blue instead of turning white, has frozen while starting. Unplug it for 3 minutes, then use Safe Mode. All light colours explained.
- PS5 CE error codes: meanings and fixesAll 72 PS5 CE error codes from PlayStation Support, with what each code means and the steps to fix it.
- PS5 disc drive not working after attaching itThe detachable PS5 disc drive needs an internet connection for its first pairing and only works with CFI-2000 and CFI-7000 consoles.
- PS5 error codes: list of meanings and fixesEvery PS5 error code from Sony's support list, sorted by prefix (CE, NP, WS, NW, WV, SU, E2), with what it means and the steps Sony gives to fix it.
- PS5 M.2 SSD not recognised or not workingChecks for an M.2 SSD the PS5 won't format or use: system software, interface (no SATA), capacity, seating, heatsink size, and what to do if games stutter.
- PS5 no picture or no sound: HDMI and audio fixesNo image: check the HDMI cable, port and input, connect straight to the screen, unplug everything for 20 minutes. No sound: check mute and set the audio output to HDMI.
- PS5 not reading discs: how to fix itInsert the disc label side left (console upright), clean it, try another disc, then rebuild the database in Safe Mode. Burned discs and audio CDs don't play on PS5.
- PS5 NP error codes: meanings and fixesAll 24 PS5 NP error codes from PlayStation Support, with what each code means and the steps to fix it.
- PS5 NW and WV error codes: network errors and fixesAll PS5 NW and WV error codes from PlayStation Support: connection, communication and timeout errors, with what each code means and the steps to fix it.
- PS5 USB extended storage not workingWhy a USB drive isn't accepted or a game won't start from it: hubs aren't supported, the drive needs SuperSpeed USB and 250 GB–8 TB, and PS5 games can't run from USB.
- PS5 won’t start in Safe Mode, or keeps starting in it: fixesSafe Mode won't launch: swap the USB, HDMI and power cables one at a time, then unplug for 20 minutes. Stuck in Safe Mode: power cycle, then clear the system software cache.
- PS5 WS error codes: meanings and fixesAll 29 PS5 WS error codes from PlayStation Support, with what each code means and the steps to fix it.
- PSP-3000 and PS Vita battery life and chargingPSP-3000 3–6 h of games on a 1200 mAh pack; PS Vita PCH-1000 3–5 h, PCH-2000 4–6 h. Charging times, USB charging rules and temperature limits.
- Steam Deck external display not working when dockedCheck the TV input and use an active DP-to-HDMI adapter, turn on External Display Safe Mode, update the dock firmware, and try a lower resolution or refresh rate.
- Steam Deck won’t turn on or is frozenCharge for 15 minutes with the included PSU, force a restart (4 s LCD, 7 s OLED, then 10 s), boot via Volume + if charging works, and roll back SteamOS if it won't load.
- Steam Machine shows no picture on the TV or monitorRestart both devices and reseat the cable, check the input, connect directly without receivers or switches, and use an active adapter for DisplayPort to HDMI.
- Switch 2 not recognising a microSD Express cardChecks for a memory card Switch 2 won't detect: is it actually microSD Express, dirty contacts, formatting, and when the console needs service.
- Switch Lite control sticks drifting or not respondingTurn Console Button Input on if wireless controllers are paired, update, calibrate, then sleep/wake. Because the sticks are built in, a failed calibration means servicing the whole console.
- Wii “An error has occurred” with a game disc: what to checkCheck the disc is a Wii disc inserted the right way, clean it, and test other discs to tell a bad disc from a bad drive. Nintendo no longer repairs the Wii.
- Xbox “Something went wrong” errors E100 to E305: fixes by codeEach start-up E code has its own fix order. E100/E200/E204/E207 start with a restart, E101 with an offline update, E102 and E105 with a factory reset.
- Xbox 360 red ring of death: three flashing red lights and how to fix themThree flashing red lights mean a hardware problem in the Xbox 360 or its power supply. The power supply light shows which: green means the console needs repair.
- Xbox controller stick drift or buttons not working: fixesCheck the game's settings, clean the controller, update its firmware and reset the button mapping. If drift remains, replace it, or repair it with Xbox replacement parts.
- Xbox controller won’t connect or turn on: fixesFresh batteries first, then power cycle the controller (hold Xbox 5–10 s) and the console (unplug 30 s). If it fails over a working USB cable, it needs replacing.
- Xbox disc won’t play or isn’t recognised: fixesCheck the disc orientation, clean it, and test it on another console. If no disc is recognised, switch from Sleep to Shutdown mode and power cycle; otherwise request a repair.
- Xbox error codes: what they mean and how to fix themCommon Xbox error codes such as 0x80072EFD, 0x87DD0006, 0x800705B4 and 0x803F8001, plus Xbox 360 codes, with Microsoft's meaning and fix for each.
- Xbox Series X|S no picture: how to fix a blank TV screenCheck the HDMI cable is in the 'out to TV' port and the TV input, power cycle, then start in low-resolution mode by holding Power and Eject until the second beep.
- Xbox Series X|S not detecting an external hard driveChecks for a USB drive the Xbox ignores or only offers as media storage: USB 3.0, 128 GB, a partition, max three drives, updates, and the Sleep-mode storage setting.
- Xbox Series X|S won’t turn onReset the internal power supply: unplug for 10 seconds, then press the console's Xbox button. Then check the outlet and cable before requesting service.
- Xbox Storage Expansion Card not recognisedReseat the card and wait 30 seconds, then restart with the card removed. For a blank screen at start-up, disconnect the card and other peripherals.
PlayStation 5 consoles
PS5 accessories and storage
Where accessories work
— no reliable source found for this combination yet.
Documented problems
Nintendo Switch 2
Switch accessories on Switch 2
— no reliable source found for this combination yet.
Xbox Series X|S
Xbox One accessories on Series X|S
— no reliable source found for this combination yet.
- Storage Expansion Card not recognised
- Xbox "Something went wrong" start-up error (E100, E200, E204, E207)
E100, E200, E204, E207 - Xbox controller stick drift or buttons not working
- Xbox controller won't connect or turn on
- Xbox Series X not offering 4K at 120 Hz
- Xbox Series X|S not detecting an external USB drive
- Xbox Series X|S on but the TV screen stays blank
- Xbox Series X|S won't turn on
- Xbox start-up error E101
E101 - Xbox start-up error E102
E102 - Xbox start-up error E105
E105 - Xbox start-up error E206
E206 - Xbox start-up errors E106, E203, E208, E305
E106, E203, E208, E305 - Xbox won't play or recognise a disc
Steam Deck, Steam Machine and Steam Frame
Handheld gaming PCs
Previous generation: PS4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch
Retro
Modern retro and mini consoles